Loṙi

Ararat

Širak

Armavir

Syunik'

Erevan

Tavuš

Geġark'unik'

Vayoć Jor

Kotayk'

Aragac̣otn

Armenia

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Armenia is increasingly exposed to climate-driven hazards, including droughts, floods, hailstorms, landslides, and heatwaves, which have become more frequent and severe in recent decades, threatening lives, livelihoods, and ecosystems. Despite escalating risks, the country's early warning and climate information systems remain fragmented, with limited forecasting accuracy and accessibility, constraining its ability to anticipate and manage climate-related emergencies.

The project seeks to establish a people-centered Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS) for Armenia and represents Armenia's first single-country adaptation initiative within the GCF portfolio. Aligned with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Early Warnings for All initiative and the Global Framework for Climate Services, the project aims to directly benefit approximately 1.07 million people and enable a shift from reactive disaster response to anticipatory, risk-informed action.

Structured around three components, the project will modernize meteorological and hydrological observation and forecasting systems; strengthen early warning dissemination through multi-channel alerting and risk communication; and develop innovative resilience financing mechanisms, including forecast-based financing and climate micro-insurance, to sustain early action and encourage private sector engagement.

Inclusive, multi-channel warnings will reach approximately 300,000 vulnerable individuals affected by age, disability, or rural isolation, potentially reducing post-disaster recovery burdens on women and caregivers by 20 to 30 per cent.  The project will enable Armenia to transition from a fragmented system toward a self-sustaining, nationally owned climate information and early warning architecture.

Strengthen the institutional and technical capacity in Armenia to meet Enhanced Transparency Framework reporting requirements under Paris Agreement in line with national priorities.

Central and West Asia are among the fastest-warming regions, with temperatures rising by 0.2–0.4°C per decade. Glacier systems in the Pamir and Tien Shan ranges are retreating rapidly; projections indicate over 50 per cent of glacier volume could be lost by 2100. This cryosphere meltdown is disrupting water cycles, threatening the livelihoods and food security of over 340 million people across nine countries. The most vulnerable are women, smallholder farmers, and micro-entrepreneurs who depend on glacier-fed rivers for crops and hydropower. Without urgent intervention, communities risk worsening poverty, displacement, and instability.

The Glaciers to Farms (G2F) Programme responds to this crisis by integrating climate science into development planning and deploying concrete adaptation measures in glacier-dependent river basins. The programme focuses 100 per cent on adaptation and aligns with national priorities, including National Adaptation Plans (NAP), Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

This project includes several components, including climate-informed planning tools, the development of bankable adaptation projects and new financing approaches such as outcome-based resilience bonds. It aims to expand capacity within Ministries of Finance, Planning and Environment to apply climate budgeting and screening tools. G2F will support the creation of infrastructure for climate finance, mentoring for agriculture enterprises, and design of cross-border pilot projects.

G2F will deliver substantial, measurable improvements in climate resilience for communities and ecosystems. The programme aims to reduce the vulnerability of approximately 45 million people across nine countries by providing more stable water and food supplies, infrastructure that can withstand shocks, stronger social safety nets, and healthier ecosystems.

GCF Project Preparation Facility (PPF) support was provided to conduct feasibility studies and stakeholder consultations across all nine countries, which was instrumental in refining the programme’s design.

Armenia is experiencing climate change impacts intensifying pressures on its ecosystems and rural communities. Forests, which cover only approximately 11 per cent of the country, are under severe pressure from unsustainable logging, overgrazing and weak management, which is leading to declining carbon sequestration, increased soil erosion and biodiversity loss. These environmental stresses contribute to the vulnerability of rural households that rely on natural resources for subsistence and income, leaving them increasingly exposed to climate and economic shocks.

The project aims to strengthen the resilience of Armenia’s forest ecosystems and rural economies by restoring degraded landscapes, diversifying livelihoods, and modernising forest management systems. Specifically, it will expand climate-resilient forest cover through reforestation, build non-timber forest product (NTFP) value chains and agroforestry systems to generate sustainable income, and introduce digital monitoring and investment platforms to improve governance and enable future carbon market access. Together, these interventions will reduce climate risks, increase forest carbon sequestration, and support more resilient and inclusive rural communities.

By introducing digital MRV and investment platforms, the project positions Armenia to access emerging forest carbon markets and attract diversified private sector investment to strengthen long-term financial sustainability.

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